Introduction
n Water
quality varies by source.
n Streams
n Rivers
n Lakes
and Ponds
n Groundwater
n Human
Activity Affects Water Quality
n Nonpoint
source pollution
n Agricultural
activities
n Construction
activities
n Point
source pollution
n Municipalities
& Industry – wastewater
n NPDES
(National Pollution Discharge Elimination System)
n Groundwater
contamination
n Illegal
oil disposal (and other chemicals)
Parameters
n pH
(hydrogen power)
n pH
scale 0 – 14
n 7
is neutral
n Water
that is 6-9 is acceptable
n Temperature
n Conductivity
n the
degree to which water can conduct an electric current.
n Pure
water has very low conductivity and does not conduct electrical current very
well.
n As
salt is dissolved into the water, the conductivity increases.
n Fecal Coliform
Testing:
n Relatively
harmless microorganisms that live in large numbers in the intestines of man and
warm- and cold-blooded animals.
n The
most common member being Escherichia coli. Are associated only with the fecal
material of warm-blooded animals.
n Environmental
Impact: The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in aquatic environments
indicates that the water has been contaminated with the fecal material of man
or other animals.
n At the time fecal contamination
occurred, the source water may have been contaminated by pathogens or disease
producing bacteria or viruses which can also exist in fecal material.
n Some waterborne pathogenic diseases
include typhoid fever, viral and bacterial gastroenteritis and hepatitis A.
n Fecal coliform bacteria may occur in
water as a result of the overflow of domestic sewage or nonpoint sources of
human and animal waste.
Everyone Lives in
a Watershed
n A watershed, or drainage
basin, is the area of land that drains into a particular lake, river, stream or
wetland
http://www.scdhec.net/water/
n Organizational
Meeting
n 2
Training Events
n Customer
Service Event after TechFest (4/7/01)
n Divide
into groups with Team Leaders.
n Groups
should be based on student schedules, join with people whose schedule aligns
with yours for SAMPLING and ANALYSIS
n Team
leaders will report to Mr. McGill
n Teams
(2 to 4 persons)
n 6
sample collection and analysis teams
n Mission: Collect samples in York,
Chester, Lancaster Counties from requests made at TechFest.
n Analyze samples during practice and
TechFest.
n Work out sample route for TechFest
samples.
n Correct collection time, technique,
record keeping.
n Support
team –
n Have materials ready: sample bottles
(total coliform and chemistry)
n Conduct research to be typed
(disclaimer and “what do results mean?”-total coliform, pH, conductivity,
etc.—see Dr. Lewis).
n Record keeping (sample # with date,
bottle number, etc.)
n 3
Events
n Practice
1: March 5th
– 9th
n Correctly collect and analyze
samples.
n Practice
2 March 19th
– 23rd
n TechFest
Requests April 17th – 23rd
n Post
results on website
n Extra
Credit – Individual Instructor
n GOAL:
Work out collection and analysis times during the listed weeks.
Monday
12:50-3:00PM,
Tuesday
7:00-9:00PM,
Thursday
9:20-11:30AM
n Obtain
sample bottles prior to collecting.
n Record
keeping.
n Sample
integrity, i.e. analyze in 2 hours or refrigerate for maximum 24.
n Correct
collection procedure:
n Outside faucet
n Total coliform-flush system, use
aseptic techniques
n Chemical-rinse out with sample water
CONTACT PERSON
Mr.
McGill
981-7329
Box
in A104/Office A200